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Colonoscopy findings in patients attended at a health institution in the municipality of Barrancabermeja, Santander

Introduction. Colonoscopy is a visual exploration of the colonic mucosa, which consists of the insertion of a flexible optic catheter through the anus. Its objectives include to locate lesions very precisely, to obtain biopsies for their microscopic analysis, to carry out different therapeutic procedures and to diagnose small lesions that cannot be detected by traditional imaging techniques. The aim of this article is to describe the colonoscopy findings in adult patients of a health care institution. Methodology. Observational, cross-sectional study with an analytical component. The information was collected retrospectively from patients aged over 18 years, of both sexes, on which a colonoscopy was performed in a secondary health care institution. Results. A total of 521 colonoscopy procedures were conducted on 291 women and 230 men with an average age of 63 years (age range: 18-99 years). The proportion was greater among people aged over 50 years. The frequency of the procedure in women was higher with 57.0%, compared to 43% in men. The number of colonoscopies with a normal result was more frequent in people aged under 50 years (54.8%) compared to 45.2% of the total of those aged 50 years and over. Conclusion. Colonoscopy is a very useful instrument when diagnosing, monitoring and treating a great variety of gastrointestinal pathologies, because through this important diagnostic tool, it is possible to determine the existence of or rule out other kinds of pathologies that affect the gastrointestinal system.

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MedUNAB

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The Importance of Ethics in Post - Modern Higher Education: An Occupation by Andrés Entrena Parra

One of the tasks that postmodern institutions of higher education must assume with responsibility in the face of the challeng es imposed by the knowledge society is to form citizens with an ethical sense that can interact with responsibility and commitment in the f ace of uncertainty. This task to which the university has as a challenge has been raised in its transfer, not only as founder and architect but also as educator, by Andrés Entrena Parra and that in this work we will approach from two premises: Education as a moral and ethical duty to the model of the Greeks in the idea of Socratic Morality, Socrates of Plato and the idea of how to form new generations from the Platonic approach, generations that must learn to discern what is right from the middle ground raised in the Nicomachean ethics of Aristotle. A second aspect is the ethical task of the teacher, reflection that is approached fr om the ideas of educating for freedom and democracy, where some postmodern thinkers are taken as theoretical references.

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Aibi, Revista de Investigacion Administracion e Ingenierias

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Association of estimated sleep duration and naps with mortality and cardiovascular events: A study of 116 632 people from 21 countries

Aims To investigate the association of estimated total daily sleep duration and daytime nap duration with deaths and major cardiovascular events. Methods We estimated the durations of total daily sleep and daytime naps based on the amount of time in bed and self- and results reported napping time and examined the associations between them and the composite outcome of deaths and major cardiovascular events in 116 632 participants from seven regions. After a median follow-up of 7.8 years, we recorded 4381 deaths and 4365 major cardiovascular events. It showed both shorter (<_6 h/day) and longer (>8 h/day) estimated total sleep durations were associated with an increased risk of the composite outcome when adjusted for age and sex. After adjustment for demographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviours and health status, a J-shaped association was observed. Compared with sleeping 6–8 h/day, those who slept <_6 h/day had a non-significant trend for increased risk of the composite outcome [hazard ratio (HR), 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.99–1.20]. As estimated sleep duration increased, we also noticed a significant trend for a greater risk of the composite outcome [HR of 1.05 (0.99–1.12), 1.17 (1.09–1.25), and 1.41 (1.30–1.53) for 8–9 h/day, 9–10 h/day, and >10 h/day, Ptrend < 0.0001, respectively]. The results were similar for each of all-cause mortality and major cardiovascular events. Daytime nap duration was associated with an increased risk of the composite events in those with over 6 h of nocturnal sleep duration, but not in shorter nocturnal sleepers (<_6 h). Conclusion Estimated total sleep duration of 6–8 h per day is associated with the lowest risk of deaths and major cardiovascular events. Daytime napping is associated with increased risks of major cardiovascular events and deaths in those with >6 h of nighttime sleep but not in those sleeping <_6 h/night.

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European Heart Journal

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Socratic intellectualism in the teacher\'s moral task

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Aibi, Revista de Investigacion Administracion e Ingenierias

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Professionals of the new millennium: Called to be agents of change

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Aibi, Revista de Investigacion Administracion e Ingenierias

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Coagulation and flocculation with plant extracts

The treatment of water in a conventional way includes the operations of coagulation and flocculation as a fundamental part in the removal of solids and other substances that are mixed with water, especially organic and inorganic solids with sizes less than 0.2 mm and densities similar to those of water. This forms a perfect mixture difficult to separate by natural sedimentation; in these cases the addition of coagulants is needed, which breaks the stability of the mixture and segregates the particles in the form of flocs, so that they can be separated by density difference. Reactive substances are used for this reason, such as aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride and aluminum polychloride; these substances are derived from industrial chemical reactions, which entail the use of natural resources and energy to obtain them. In addition to the environmental cost of the production processes, there is the problem of the final disposal of the thickened sludge, because due to its aluminum or iron content, the sludge can be harmful to the environment, especially for plants and animals. To reduce this impact, it is necessary to carry out these operations with substances that do not represent a danger to the environment; in this case, it has been proven that there are plant extracts that can generate the same reaction of segregating the solids and other substances of the water, by means of the reaction of the natural biopolymers of some plants, within which the Moringa oleifera, Melocactus sp, Opuntia sp, Cicer arietinum L, Aloe sp and others with destabilizing activity of particles can generate turbidity and color in water. These plant extracts can efficiently perform the coagulation and flocculation operations without the environmental risk of residual sludge with high concentrations of aluminum or iron.

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Flocculation: Processes and Applications

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A repeated measures experiment of green exercise to improve self-esteem in UK school children

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School Nutrition and Activity: Impacts on Well-Being