Título del artículo:

Histopathological and histochemical alterations resulting from Phytophthora infestans infection in the potato plant Solanum tuberosum (Solanaceae)

Research on the histopathological and histochemical responses of the Phytophthora infestans/Solanum tuberosum pathosystem is limited in the scientific literature. The morpho-anatomy of the leaves and stems aligns with typical descriptions of most eudicot angiosperms. The cuticular patterns observed were not previously documented in specialized literature, and notable ultrastructural differences were found that varied by the genotype analyzed. The leaves are distinctly hypostomatic. Histopathologically, both the biotrophic and necrotrophic phases of the pathogen were observed, primarily affecting the primary tissues of the leaves and stems. All the infected genotypes exhibited an increase in the synthesis and accumulation of lignin, pectins, and polyphenols. In contrast, only the ESTRELLA and BETINA genotypes demonstrated synthesis and deposition of callose in response to the pathogen during sporulation. The histopathological and histochemical responses observed in this pathosystem are similar to those described in previous studies, even in other pathosystems. The pronounced differences in callose synthesis and accumulation are particularly noteworthy and may indicate a potential late resistance mechanism to the pathogen, which could be valuable for breeding programs aimed at developing varieties with enhanced resistance.

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Indian Phytopathology

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Ecthyma Gangrenosum of Fungal Origin: A Case Report

Introduction: Ecthyma gangrenosum (EG) is usually a dermatologic manifestation of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in an immunocompromised individual but may sometimes be caused by other bacteria or fungi in an immunocompromised or nonimmunocompromised individual. Case Presentation: A 75-year-old woman with a history of high blood pressure and sequels of ischemic cerebral infarction presented with a 5-day history of general malaise, cough with yellow sputum, and respiratory distress. The patient had pale mucous membranes, temperature of 38.5°C, tachycardia, normal blood pressure, SaO2 of 85%, intercostal retractions, and severe bronchospasm upon hospital admission. No skin lesions were seen. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) because of her critical condition and was supported with invasive mechanical ventilation. Her blood count showed 8,100 leukocytes/mm3, neutrophils 79%, hemoglobin 10.1 g/dL, creatinine 1.1 mg/dL, and C-reactive protein 328 mg/dL. Arterial blood gases showed metabolic acidosis and moderate hypoxemia. The initial report of blood and urine cultures was negative for bacteria, and positive for influenza A H1N1. The patient was treated with oseltamivir and intravenous methylprednisolone for acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with the viral infection that occurred. Subsequently, violaceus macular and papular lesions appeared, which evolved into ulcerated lesions with erythematous border and necrotic center were seen in the anterior region of the chest and abdomen, from where Candida metapsilosis was isolated. EG was reported in this patient, who was also immunocompromised because of steroid use, had a prolonged stay in the ICU and received broad-spectrum antibiotics. Fungemia and urinary infection due to different fungi were also found. Conclusion: It is worth mentioning that EG can be caused by germs other than P. aeruginosa and fungal infections should not be ruled out.

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Case Reports in Dermatology

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Post-migration infection with SARS-CoV-2 in Venezuelan migrants: A laboratory-based epidemiological observational study

Background: Since 2015, over 6 million Venezuelans migrated to Colombia and neighboring countries. While most people adhered to lockdown measures, migrants kept moving during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: To investigate the extent of migration-associated SARS-CoV-2 infections, we interviewed 1209 adult Venezuelan migrants upon arrival to Bucaramanga, Colombia, 200 km from the Colombian-Venezuelan border along the main migration route during April–September 2021, collected individual-level socio-economic and clinical data, sampled blood and saliva, and assessed SARS-CoV-2 infection by serological, molecular and phylogenetic tools. Results: SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positivity was 1.9 % (95 % Confidence Interval (CI), 1.2–2.9) without varying significantly over the study period (chi-square, p = 0.922) and significantly associated with stay in Colombia >14 days (p = 0.018; prevalence ratio 3.3, 95 % CI, 1.2–8.7). Pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were neither significantly associated with preventing infection (Chi-square, p = 0.188), nor symptom development (Fisher, p = 0.246). Predominance and time of detection of SARS-CoV-2 Mu and Gamma variants in migrants in comparison to available genomic data suggested infection predominantly in Colombia. SARS-CoV-2 IgG-based seroprevalence was 34.2 % (95 % CI, 31.5–36.9). Detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies was significantly associated with previous contact with infected individuals (p = 0.002). Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred predominantly after immigration, potentially facilitated by densely populated border camps. Improved infrastructure and health care will prevent migration-associated spread of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.

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Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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Assessing the built environment through photographs and its association with obesity in 21 countries: the PURE Study

Background: The built environment can influence human health, but the available evidence is modest and almost entirely from urban communities in high-income countries. Here we aimed to analyse built environment characteristics and their associations with obesity in urban and rural communities in 21 countries at different development levels participating in the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) Study. Methods: Photographs were acquired with a standardised approach. We used the previously validated Environmental Profile of a Community\'s Health photo instrument to evaluate photos for safety, walkability, neighbourhood beautification, and community disorder. An integrated built environment score (ie, a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 20) was used to summarise this evaluation across built environment domains. Associations between built environment characteristics, separately and combined in the integrated built environment score, and obesity (ie, a BMI >30kg/m2) were assessed using multilevel regression models, adjusting for individual, household, and community confounding factors. Attenuation in the associations due to walking was examined. Findings: Analyses include 143 338 participants from 530 communities. The mean integrated built environment score was higher in high-income countries (13·3, SD 2·8) compared with other regions (10·1, 2·5) and urban communities (11·2, 3·0). More than 60% of high-income country communities had pedestrian safety features (eg, crosswalks, sidewalks, and traffic signals). Urban communities outside high-income countries had higher rates of sidewalks (176 [84%] of 209) than rural communities (59 [28%] of 209). 15 (5%) of 290 urban communities had bike lanes. Litter and graffiti were present in 372 (70%) of 530 communities, and poorly maintained buildings were present in 103 (19%) of 530. The integrated built environment score was significantly associated with reduced obesity overall (relative risk [RR] 0·58, 95% CI 0·35–0·93; p=0·025) for high compared with low scores and for increasing trend (0·85, 0·78–0·91; p<0·0001). The trends were statistically significant in urban (0·85, 0·77–0·93; p=0·0007) and rural (0·87, 0·78–0·97; p=0·015) communities. Some built environment features were associated with a lower prevalence of obesity: community beautification RR 0·75 (95% CI 0·61–0·92; p=0·0066); bike lanes RR 0·58 (0·45–0·73; p<0·0001); pedestrian safety RR 0·75 (0·62–0·90; p=0·0018); and traffic signals RR 0·68 (0·52–0·89; p=0·0055). Community disorder was associated with a higher prevalence of obesity (RR 1·48, 95% CI 1·17–1·86; p=0·0010). Interpretation: Community built environment features recorded in photographs, including bike lanes, pedestrian safety measures, beautification, traffic density, and disorder, were related to obesity after adjusting for confounders, and stronger associations were found in urban than rural communities. The method presents a novel way of assessing the built environment\'s potential effect on health. Funding: Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences Research Institute, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario, Canadian Institutes of Health Research\'s Strategy for Patient Oriented Research, Ontario Support Unit, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, AstraZeneca, Sanofi–Aventis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Servier, and GlaxoSmithKline.

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The Lancet Global Health

Título del artículo:

International review of blood donation screening for anti-HBc and occult hepatitis B virus infection

Background: Hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) screening has been implemented in many blood establishments to help prevent transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV), including from donors with occult HBV infection (OBI). We review HBV screening algorithms across blood establishments globally and their potential effectiveness in reducing transmission risk. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire on HBV screening and follow-up strategies was distributed to members of the International Society of Blood Transfusion working party on transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases. Screening data from 2022 were assimilated and analyzed. Results: A total of 30 unique responses were received from 25 countries. Sixteen respondents screened all donations for anti-HBc, with 14 also screening all donations for HBV DNA. Anti-HBc prevalence was 0.42% in all blood donors and 1.19% in new donors in low-endemic countries; however, only 44% of respondents performed additional anti-HBc testing to exclude false reactivity. 0.68% of anti-HBc positive, HBsAg-negative donors had detectable HBV DNA. Ten respondents did universal HBV DNA screening without anti-HBc, whereas four respondents did not screen for either. Deferral strategies for anti-HBc positive donors were highly variable. One transfusion-transmission from an anti-HBc negative donor was reported. Discussion: Anti-HBc screening identifies donors with OBI but also results in the unnecessary deferral of a significant number of donors with resolved HBV infection and donors with false-reactive anti-HBc results. Whilst confirmation of anti-HBc results could be improved to reduce donor deferral, transmission risks associated with anti-HBc negative OBI donors must be considered. In high-endemic areas, highly sensitive HBV DNA testing is required to identify infectious donors.

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Transfusion

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Innovations in blood pressure measurement and reporting technology: International Society of Hypertension position paper endorsed by the World Hypertension League, European Society of Hypertension, Asian Pacific Society of Hypertension, and Latin American Society of Hypertension

Blood pressure (BP) is a key contributor to the lifetime risk of preclinical organ damage and cardiovascular disease. Traditional clinic-based BP readings are typically measured infrequently and under standardized/resting conditions and therefore do not capture BP values during normal everyday activity. Therefore, current hypertension guidelines emphasize the importance of incorporating out-of-office BP measurement into strategies for hypertension diagnosis and management. However, conventional home and ambulatory BP monitoring devices use the upper-arm cuff oscillometric method and only provide intermittent BP readings under static conditions or in a limited number of situations. New innovations include technologies for BP estimation based on processing of sensor signals supported by artificial intelligence tools, technologies for remote monitoring, reporting and storage of BP data, and technologies for BP data interpretation and patient interaction designed to improve hypertension management (\"digital therapeutics\"). The number and volume of data relating to new devices/technologies is increasing rapidly and will continue to grow. This International Society of Hypertension position paper describes the new devices/technologies, presents evidence relating to new BP measurement techniques and related indices, highlights standard for the validation of new devices/technologies, discusses the reliability and utility of novel BP monitoring devices, the association of these metrics with clinical outcomes, and the use of digital therapeutics. It also highlights the challenges and evidence gaps that need to be overcome before these new technologies can be considered as a user-friendly and accurate source of novel BP data to inform clinical hypertension management strategies.

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Journal of Hypertension

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Green hydrogen demand in Cameroon\'s energy sectors by 2040

Cameroon possesses a significant endowment of solar energy, granting it exceptional potential for the generation of hydrogen through environmentally friendly means. However, the continued expansion of the nation\'s petroleum industry presents an obstacle to the domestic utilization of green hydrogen due to its present costliness for energy purposes. Nonetheless, the prospect of exporting green hydrogen to developed nations remains an intriguing proposition. Indeed, a pact concerning hydrogen was established between Australia and Cameroon in the year 2021, thus opening avenues for the export of green hydrogen to facilitate the decarbonization of national energy supplies in Australia and other industrialized nations. Presently, there are no documented large-scale projects within Cameroon dedicated to the electrolytic production of hydrogen. This study projects the potential hydrogen demand in the electricity and transportation sectors up to 2040. Electricity demand is expected to be as high as 8675 GWh in 2040, while gasoline and diesel demand are expected to reach 1.75 and 3.26 million cubic meters, respectively. Therefore, the total amount of hydrogen needed to power both the electricity and transportation sectors is estimated at 0.532 megatonnes. Even a relatively modest allocation, merely 5 %, of Cameroon\'s land for the production of hydrogen via solar-powered electricity generation could yield a surplus. This resultant quantity of hydrogen, estimated at a substantial 16.68 megatonnes, would likely be more than enough to satisfy the projected domestic needs for both electrical and transportation uses by the year 2040.

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Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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A very-low-calorie ketogenic diet normalises obesity-related enhanced levels of erythropoietin compared with a low-calorie diet or bariatric surgery

Purpose: Nutritional ketosis synergistically with body-weight loss induced by a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) has proven to be effective in improving obesity-related pathophysiology. Recently, growing attention has been focused on the relation between erythropoietin (EPO) and obesity. Thus, this study aims to investigate whether nutritional ketosis and weight loss induced by a VLCKD modify the circulating levels of EPO in patients with obesity in comparison with the effect of low-calorie diet (LCD) or bariatric surgery (BS). Methods: EPO levels, iron status and body composition parameters were evaluated in 72 patients with overweight or obesity and 27 normal-weight subjects at baseline and after the three different weight-reduction therapies (VLCKD, LCD and BS) in 69 patients with excess body weight. β-hydroxybutyrate levels were also measured in the VLCKD group. The follow-up was established at 2–3 months and 4–6 months. Results: It was found that EPO levels were higher in morbid obesity and correlated with higher basal weight, fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) in the overall sample. High baseline EPO levels were also correlated with higher impact on the course of weight loss and changes in FM and FFM induced by the three weight-loss interventions. Furthermore, the VLCKD induced a decrease in EPO levels coinciding with maximum ketosis, which was maintained over time, while statistically significant changes were not observed after LCD and BS. Conclusion: The obesity-related increased EPO levels are restored after VLCKD intervention at the time of maximum ketosis, suggesting a potential role of the nutritional ketosis induced by the VLCKD. Baseline EPO levels could be a biomarker of response to a weight-loss therapy. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.)

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Journal of Endocrinological Investigation

Título del artículo:

Design and validation of educational material included in a health education strategy aimed at individuals with cardiovascular diseases implemented via WhatsApp

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Cardiac rehabilitation programs (CRP) have demonstrated advantages for patients with CVD; however, few maintain their participation over time due to poor adherence, which could be impacted by the lack of structured education programs. Objectives: To design and validate educational material included in a health education strategy implemented via WhatsApp aimed at individuals with CVD who participate in a CRP. Materials and methods: Mixed methods study based on the research-creation process and developed in two stages: design and elaboration stage of the educational strategy and validation stage of the educational material, which included a technical validation (participation of 8 health professionals) and a target audience validation (participation of 6 patients with CVD users of a phase 2-CRP). This study followed the guidelines of the Pan American Health Organization for the elaboration and validation of educational material in health care. Results: The first version of the strategy included 26 educational pieces (17 images, 5 audios, and 4 videos), and 96.3% of them were rated as “use as is”. Considering the content and form suggestions made by the experts, the second version included 31 educational pieces (22 images, 5 audios, and 4 videos). Following the validation of the target audience, the final version of the material consisted of 30 pieces (21 images, 4 audios, and 5 videos). Conclusion: The present study allowed us to design and validate educational material targeted at CRP users which, through its patient-centered nature and easy dissemination via a widely used social network, becomes a tool that can help to improve adherence to these programs. This clinical trial was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry under code ACTRN12622001446752.

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Revista Facultad de Medicina

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Campylobacter infection of young children in Colombia and its impact on the gastrointestinal environment

Campylobacter infections are a leading cause of bacterial-derived gastroenteritis worldwide with particularly profound impacts on pediatric patients in low- and middle-income countries. It remains unclear how Campylobacter impacts these hosts, though it is becoming increasingly evident that it is a multifactorial process that depends on the host immune response, the gastrointestinal microbiota, various bacterial factors, and host nutritional status. Since these factors likely vary between adult and pediatric patients in different regions of the world, it is important that studies define these attributes in well-characterized clinical cohorts in diverse settings. In this study, we analyzed the fecal microbiota and the metabolomic and micronutrient profiles of asymptomatic and symptomatic pediatric patients in Colombia who were either infected or uninfected with Campylobacter during a case-controlled study on acute diarrheal disease. Here, we report that the microbiome of Campylobacter-infected children only changed in their abundance of Campylobacter spp. despite the inclusion of children with or without diarrhea. In addition to increased Campylobacter, computational models were used to identify fecal metabolites that were associated with Campylobacter infection and found that glucose-6-phosphate and homovanillic acid were the strongest predictors of infection in these pediatric patients, which suggests that colonocyte metabolism is impacted during infection. Despite changes to the fecal metabolome, the concentrations of intestinal minerals and trace elements were not significantly impacted by Campylobacter infection but were elevated in uninfected children with diarrhea.

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mSphere

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Differences in COVID-19 Vaccination and Experiences among Patients with Hypertension in Colombia and Jamaica during the COVID-19 Pandemic

During the COVID-19 pandemic, hypertensive patients had increased infection and healthcare disruption in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with limited vaccine access. The objective of this report is to describe COVID-19 experiences and vaccination uptake among hypertensive patients in Colombia and Jamaica. A cross-sectional study of patients with hypertension was conducted in primary care clinics in both countries between 2021 and 2022. Trained interviewers used a telephone-administered questionnaire to assess COVID-19 experiences (infection, vaccination, and healthcare access). A total of 576 patients (68.5% female, mean age: 67.5 years) participated. Health service disruption affecting access to care was low (<10%). Compared to Jamaica, more participants from Colombia reported testing positive for COVID-19, having family members or friends testing positive, losing family members or friends due to COVID-19, and being vaccinated. In logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, education, and rural/urban clinic status, fear of COVID-19 (OR 2.7, 95% CI: 1.2–6.1) and residence in Colombia (OR 5.9, 95% CI: 2.4–14.6) were associated with higher vaccination uptake. Disparities in access to COVID-19 testing and diagnosis may have influenced these country differences including fear of COVID-19 and vaccine uptake. Other factors need to be better understood to prepare for future pandemic responses.

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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

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Chronic Rheumatologic Disease in Chikungunya Virus Fever: Results from a Cohort Study Conducted in Piedecuesta, Colombia

This study aimed to determine the incidence of post-chikungunya chronic rheumatism (pCHIK-CR) and its impact on quality of life (QoL) and chronic fatigue in adults seven years after the 2014–2015 CHIKV outbreak in Piedecuesta, Colombia. We evaluated 78 adults (median age: 30 years, IQR: 21.0; women 60.3%) with confirmed CHIKV infection. In 2022, participants underwent a GALS examination and completed surveys on disability, stiffness, health status, and fatigue. A rheumatologist evaluated patients who reported arthralgia, morning stiffness, and abnormal GALS examination. Chronic fatigue was defined as fatigue persisting for over six months. Seven years after infection, 14.1% of participants were classified as pCHIK-CR cases, 41.0% as having non-inflammatory pain, likely degenerative (NIP-LD), and 44.9% without rheumatic disease (Wo-RM). Patients with pCHIK-CR and NIP-LD exhibited significantly worse QoL compared to Wo-RM cases. Chronic fatigue prevalence increased from 8.6% in Wo-RM patients to 25.0% in NIP-LD and 54.6% in pCHIK-CR cases. This study implemented a comprehensive clinical assessment to objectively estimate and characterize the incidence of chronic rheumatological disease attributed to CHIKV infection. One in seven cases with CHIKV infection develops pCHIK-CR, which impacts both QoL and chronic fatigue. This study contributes to understanding the burden of these arboviruses in the medium term.

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Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease

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Enhancing the Cytotoxicity and Apoptotic Efficacy of Parasporin-2-Derived Variants (Mpp46Aa1) on Cancer Cell Lines

Parasporin PS2Aa1, recently renamed Mpp46Aa1, is an anti-cancer protein known for its selectivity against various human cancer cell lines. We genetically modified native PS2Aa1 to create a library of approximately 100 mutants. From this library, we selected promising mutants based on their half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and sequence variations. In this study, Variant 3–35, with the G257V substitution, demonstrated increased cytotoxicity and selectivity against the colon cancer cell line SW480. Conversely, Variant N65, featuring substitutions N92D, K175R, and S218G, yielded the most favorable results against the cancer cell lines SW-620, MOLT-4, and Jurkat. The caspase 3/7 and 9, Annexin V-Cy3 and 6-GFDA activities, and, most notably, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization assays confirmed the apoptotic marker elevation. These findings indicate that residues 92, 175, 218, and 257 may play a critical role in the cytotoxic activity and selectivity. We successfully obtained genetically improved variants with substitutions at these key amino acid positions. Additionally, we conducted molecular dynamic simulations to explore the potential interactions between PS2Aa1 and the CD59 GPI-anchored protein. The simulation results revealed that residues 57, 92, and 101 were consistently present, suggesting their possible significance in the interactions between parasporin and the CD59 protein.

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Toxins

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Low Levels of Complement Factor H in the First Trimester of Pregnancy Are Associated with Spontaneous Preterm Birth

Preterm birth (PTB) remains a significant public health concern, and prediction is an important objective, particularly in the early stages of pregnancy. Many studies have relied on cervical characteristics in the mid-trimester, with limited results. It is therefore crucial to identify novel biomarkers to enhance the ability to identify women at risk. The complement pathway is implicated in the process of placentation, and recent proteomics studies have highlighted the potential roles of some complement proteins in the pathophysiology of PTB. To determine the association between the occurrence of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) and the concentration of complement C3, factor B, and factor H in the blood of pregnant women during the first trimester. This prospective cohort study included women with singleton pregnancies, both with and without a history of sPTB, from two health institutions in Bucaramanga, Colombia. The outcome was sPTB before 37 weeks. A blood sample was obtained between 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks. ELISA immunoassay was performed to quantify the levels of C3, factor B, and factor H. A total of 355 patients were analyzed, with a rate of sPTB of 7.6% (27/355). The median plasma concentration for C3, factor B, and factor H were 488.3 μg/mL, 352.6 μg/mL, and 413.2 μg/mL, respectively. The median concentration of factor H was found to be significantly lower in patients who delivered preterm compared to patients who delivered at term (382 μg/mL vs. 415 μg/mL; p = 0.034). This study identified a significant association between low first-trimester levels of factor H and sPTB before 37 weeks. These results provide relevant information about a new possible early biomarker for sPTB. However, the results must be confirmed in different settings, and the predictive value must be examined.

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International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Título del artículo:

Adiposity and Muscle Strength in Men With Prostate Cancer and Cardiovascular Outcomes

Background: There are limited data on the physical effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PC), and on the relationships of such measures of adiposity and strength to cardiovascular outcomes. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships of measures of adiposity and strength to cardiovascular outcomes (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, arterial revascularization, peripheral arterial disease, and venous thromboembolism) in patients with PC. A secondary objective was to characterize the relationships between ADT use and 12-month changes in these physical measures. Methods: This international, prospective cohort study included 3,967 patients with PC diagnosed in the prior 12 months or being treated with ADT for the first time. Median follow-up duration was 2.3 years. Results: Participants’ mean age was 68.5 years, and 1,731 (43.6%) were exposed to ADT. ADT was associated with a 1.6% increase in weight, a 2.2% increase in waist circumference, a 1.6% increase in hip circumference, a 0.1% increase in waist-to-hip ratio, a 27.4% reduction in handgrip strength, and a 0.1% decrease in gait speed. High waist circumference and low handgrip strength were associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Adjusting for age, education, race, tobacco and alcohol use, physical activity, cardiovascular disease, glomerular filtration rate, and ADT use, waist circumference above the highest quartile (110 cm) and handgrip strength below the lowest quartile (29.5 kg) were associated with higher likelihoods of a future cardiovascular event, with respective HRs of 1.40 (95% CI: 1.03-1.90; P = 0.029) and 1.59 (95% CI: 1.14-2.22; P = 0.006). Conclusions: ADT was associated with increased adiposity and reduced strength over 12-month follow-up. High waist circumference and low baseline strength were associated with future adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

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JACC: CardioOncology

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Enhancing physiotherapists\' knowledge and perceptions of telerehabilitation: A before-after educational intervention study

Background and purpose: In the evolving landscape of healthcare, telerehabilitation is emerging as a pivotal modality, especially in delivering services to vulnerable populations. With the increasing reliance on digital health solutions, there is a pressing need for physiotherapists to be adequately trained in telerehabilitation. This training is essential for them to adapt to new technologies and methodologies, ensuring effective and efficient patient care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a telerehabilitation educational intervention on physiotherapists\' knowledge and perceptions in Bucaramanga and its metropolitan area. Methods: A group of 27 physiotherapists underwent an educational intervention focused on telerehabilitation. Before- and after-intervention assessments were conducted to gauge their perceptions and knowledge. Results: Participants generally held a positive perception of telerehabilitation both before and after the intervention [Before Median (Md) and interquartile range (IQR): Md = 2.5 (IQR = 2.1–3); after: Md = 2.7 (IQR = 2.4–3.1), p = 0.256]. A significant increase in their knowledge after-intervention was observed [Before: Md = 55.5 (IQR = 33.3–66.6)]; after: Md = 77.7 (IQR = 66.6–88.8), p = <0.001, emphasizing the potential benefits of targeted educational interventions. Conclusions: The educational intervention significantly improved physiotherapists\' knowledge of telerehabilitation, underscoring the importance of professional training in this domain. While perceptions remained consistently positive, the notable increase in knowledge suggests that such educational programs are crucial for enhancing the adoption and effective use of telerehabilitation in physiotherapy practice.

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Physiotherapy Research International

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Tea and coffee consumption and risk of acute stroke: The INTERSTROKE Study

Background: Stroke is a leading global cause of death and disability. Daily tea/coffee intake is consumed by > 50% of populations and may represent an important population-level exposure. Therefore, it is first essential that we better understand the associations between the tea/coffee intake and stroke. Aims: This research aims to generate hypotheses about the global associations between tea and coffee intake and stroke. These insights will identify interventions for stroke prevention that can be further explored using alternative study designs. Methods: INTERSTROKE is a large international matched case–control study of first stroke from 32 countries. Participants were asked “how many cups do you drink each day?” of coffee, green tea, black tea, and other tea. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between intake and stroke. Results: We included 13,462 cases and 13,488 controls from INTERSTROKE; mean age was 61.7 (13.4) years and 59.6% (n = 16,010) were male. Overall, 19.4% (n = 5239) did not consume tea/coffee, 47.0% (n = 12,666) consumed tea only, 14.9% (n = 4024) consumed coffee alone, and 18.6% (n = 5021) consumed both, with significant regional variations. After multivariable adjustment, there was no association between low/moderate coffee intake and stroke, but high consumption (> 4/day) was associated with higher odds of all stroke (OR = 1.37 (95% CI = 1.06–1.77)) or ischemic stroke (OR = 1.32 (95% CI = 1.00–1.74)). Tea consumption was associated with lower odds of all (OR = 0.81 (95% CI = 0.69–0.94) for highest intake) or ischemic stroke (OR = 0.81 (95% CI = 0.68–0.98) for highest intake). Conclusions: High coffee consumption was associated with higher odds of all or ischemic stroke; low–moderate coffee had no association with stroke. In contrast, tea consumption was associated with lower odds of stroke. These associations suggest that individuals consider avoiding high coffee consumption (⩾ five cups/day) to impact future stroke risk. Data Access Statement: The design and rationale of INTERSTROKE was published previously. Individual participant data, or other documents are not available.

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International Journal of Stroke

Título del artículo:

Causal association between environmental variables and the excess cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia: are we looking to the wrong side?

Our main aim was to estimate and compare the effects of six environmental variables (air temperature, soil temperature, rainfall, runoff, soil moisture, and the enhanced vegetation index) on excess cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia. We used epidemiological data from the Colombian Public Health Surveillance System (January 2007 to December 2019). Environmental data were obtained from remote sensing sources including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS), and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. Data on population were obtained from the TerriData dataset. We implemented a causal inference approach using a machine learning algorithm to estimate the causal association of the environmental variables on the monthly occurrence of excess cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The results showed that the largest causal association corresponded to soil moisture with a lag of 3 months, with an average increase of 8.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.7–8.3%) in the occurrence of excess cases. The temperature-related variables (air temperature and soil temperature) had a positive causal effect on the excess cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis. It is noteworthy that rainfall did not have a statistically significant causal effect. This information could potentially help to monitor and control cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia, providing estimates of causal effects using remote sensor variables.

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International Journal of Biometeorology

Título del artículo:

Co-bots to improve occupational health and safety: preliminary analysis and integration proposal at Dana-Transejes, Colombia

The adoption of advanced technologies, such as automation and robotics, is crucial in the era of Industry 4.0 for optimizing industrial processes. This article presents a detailed analysis and integration proposal of a collaborative robot (Co-BOT) at the DANA-Transejes production plant, focusing on improving occupational health and safety for operators while increasing operational efficiency. The methodology employed follows a mixed-methods approach, combining the characterization of the current process with qualitative and quantitative data provided by the company, along with direct observations. This characterization identified operational inefficiencies and ergonomic risks related to the manual handling of heavy loads. Based on these findings, a proposal for Co-BOT implementation was developed, detailing technical, operational, and economic aspects of the integration. The estimated results project a 15% reduction in production cycle times, an increase of 375 additional boxes per year, and a significant improvement in safety, reducing the risk of work-related injuries by 100% for specific tasks. Moreover, a reduction in costs due to recovery breaks and medical leaves is expected, contributing to an annual economic saving of approximately $23,950 USD. This study demonstrates the feasibility of implementing Co-BOTs in Latin American industrial environments, highlighting their potential as a cost-effective solution for improving competitiveness and operational sustainability in regions with limited investment in technological innovation.

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Aibi, Revista de Investigacion Administracion e Ingenierias

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Virtual training in mathematical competencies through the Khan Academy platform.

The purpose of the article lies in the creation of virtual training courses on the Khan Academy platform, based on the results of the academic performance of students entering the first semester of University, in Mathematical skills. The methodology was non-experimental, transectional design, explanatory level and type of field. The population and sample were (189) students, with an instrument validated by five experts in the area, Likert-type scale. Based on the analysis of results, virtual training courses in mathematics were created. According to the study, it was found that 31% of the student population has a performance level of (0-35), where the student can probably read specific information. At level (36-50), 31% of the population was found, where the student is able to compare and establish relationships between presented data. At level (51-70), 19% was presented, where the student selects information, points out errors and makes different types of simple arithmetic and algebraic transformations and manipulations. Finally, at level (71-100), it was 20%, here problems are solved and justify the truth or falsity of statements that require the use of concepts of probability, algebraic properties, trigonometric relations and characteristics of real functions.

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Aibi, Revista de Investigacion Administracion e Ingenierias

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Challenges and barriers to overcome as perceived by students with disabilities in higher education.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the perception of students with disabilities about the barriers to their inclusion in the university environment, using a qualitative methodology under a descriptive approach, which included semi-structured interviews to 6 students with disabilities enrolled within the campus, who agreed to participate voluntarily in the study, which allowed a deep immersion and the generation of a holistic analysis regarding their experiences in the educational process. The data analysis was carried out through the coding process following the principles of grounded theory proposed by Staruss and Corbin, in order to identify emerging themes and patterns from the data collected, ensuring ethical principles, including the anonymity of the information collected, to obtain the information a semi-structured interview script containing 15 open questions was designed, in order to identify recurring ideas, key concepts, coincidences, and underlying patterns, which allowed the generation and grouping of the emerging categories of the study, Subsequently, the data were interpreted and contrasted with the theoretical framework to be discussed in terms of meaning and relevance to the research. This research approach allowed for a richer, deeper and more detailed exploration of the participants\' experiences, perspectives and emotions. Among the most significant findings found, the study revealed that the interviewed students with disabilities feel included and supported by their peers in classrooms in the university environment, valuing their contributions and perceiving empathy and respect from them. However, they express the lack of disposition of some professors, who hinder their academic processes, by not understanding the limitations or difficulties that they present, likewise the insufficient signage in the facilities is highlighted, the results found show progress in terms of accessibility and inclusion, but also highlight the need to address the barriers that still limit the full integration of these students in their educational process.

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Aibi, Revista de Investigacion Administracion e Ingenierias

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The 2030 agenda of the united nations sustainable development goals (Sdgs): integration and impact on education in Cúcuta, Colombia

This study analyzes the integration of the United Nations\' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within the educational system of Cúcuta, Colombia. Using a quantitative approach, it assessed the knowledge and commitment of pre-service and in-service teachers regarding the SDGs, as well as the implementation of sustainable practices within their institutions. The results reveal significant differences in SDG knowledge levels between the two groups, underscoring the need to strengthen sustainability training from the early stages of teacher education. Additionally, challenges were identified in the effective implementation of the SDGs, particularly regarding the ongoing professional development of in-service teachers. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the importance of comprehensive teacher training focused on sustainability and offers recommendations for educational policies and future research.

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Aibi, Revista de Investigacion Administracion e Ingenierias

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Face and content validity of an instrument to measure dampness and mold damage in a Spanish-speaking Latin American context

Introduction: Exposure to dampness and mold in houses can lead to health problems among residents. Objective: To assess the face and content validity of the \"Dampness and Mold Assessment Tool. General Buildings\" instrument, proposed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, for use in Spanish-speaking Latin American contexts. Materials and Methods: A face and content validation study was conducted through expert evaluation using the Delphi method. The Content Validity Index (CVI) was calculated for clarity, coherence, sufficiency, and relevance, as well as the level of agreement among raters. Results: A total of 20 expert evaluators participated, with an average of 18.5 ± 9.09 years of experience; 50% held doctoral degrees, and the other 50% held master s degrees. The CVI scores were above 0.75 for all items, except for \"room/area type\" which had a CVI of 0.65. Agreement among experts was statistically significant (p < 0.05) except for \"room/area type\" (p = 0.055). Adjustments to the instrument were made based on the evaluators\' recommendations. Discussion: This study is one of the first to validate this instrument, with potential for adaptation to various settings beyond residential, including hospitals, educational institutions, and workplaces. Conclusion: The face and content validation process enabled the development of an instrument for assessing dampness and mold damage in Spanish-speaking Latin American settings, generating a semi-quantitative indicator. This tool is recommended for use in home visits and research to support data on factor validity, Rasch analysis, and reliability in its application.

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Revista Cuidarte

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Engineering education. A comparative analysis of burnout syndrome in theoretical and practical university academic staff

The objective was to carry out a comparative analysis of Burnout Syndrome in university professors who teach theoretical and practical subjects in engineering. The hypothesis states that practical subjects generate greater stress than theoretical ones, increasing the risk of Burnout. The study was quantitative, field and correlational, with a purposive sample of 60 teachers (20 industrial engineering, 20 mechanics and 20 electronics) from a public university in Cúcuta, Colombia. The CBP-R scale was used to measure stress and Burnout, with a reliability coefficient of 0.8. The subscales evaluated were: personal exhaustion (8 items), depersonalization (4 items) and lack of fulfillment (7 items). The results showed that mechanical engineering teaching, both theoretical and practical, presents high levels of burnout. Theoretical electronic engineering and practical industrial engineering have a predominance of low depersonalization, although electronics shows a slight tendency to the medium-high range. In all three engineering, theoretical and practical, a high scale of lack of fulfillment was recorded. Regarding the burnout and depersonalization dimensions, a directly proportional relationship was found between theoretical and practical teaching in the three engineering fields, with an α<0.05, indicating a significant correlation for the development of Burnout syndrome. However, in the lack of accomplishment, although a proportional relationship was also observed, it was not statistically significant (α>0.05). In general, the statistical analysis showed a high significance in the relationship between Burnout, the groups of teachers (theory and practice) and the three engineering fields evaluated.

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Aibi, Revista de Investigacion Administracion e Ingenierias

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Knowledge on muscle strength among health professionals in Colombia: cross- sectional study

Introduction: Low muscle strength is a risk factor for various health conditions such as cardiometabolic diseases, neurodegenerative syndromes and mortality. Objective: Evaluate the knowledge of muscle strength in health professionals in Colombia. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in health professionals attending two continuing medical education events. Three components were evaluated through a questionnaire: identification of muscle strength as a risk factor for health conditions, measurement of muscle strength and education in muscle strength. Results: 501 participants (52.49% women) were evaluated. Of these, 53.89% (n=270) were general practitioners, 18.16% (n=91) specialists and 6.18% (n=31) nurses. The association between low muscle strength and cardiometabolic diseases was identified by 56.67% (n=153) of general practitioners and 41.94% (n=13) of nurses. The indication for measuring muscle strength in older adults was recognized by 86.81% (n=79) of specialist physicians and 41.94% (n=13) of nurses. 32.93% (n=165) of the participants were aware of some method for measurement. Physiotherapists were the group that mostly reported measuring muscle strength by 83.33% (n=20). Only 29.03% (n=9) of the nurses had received academic information on muscle strength. Discussion and Conclusions: This study demonstrates the lack of knowledge on low muscle strength, its association with health conditions and measurement methods, and the lack of information about published literature on the subject. Educational interventions are needed to incorporate muscular strength evaluation into the clinical practice.

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Revista Cuidarte