Título del artículo:

Strategic, Successful, and Sustained Synergy: The Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases Hypertension Program

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Global Heart

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Chroman-4-one hydrazones derivatives: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial effects

In searching for better therapeutic alternatives to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), this study aimed to obtain and evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of new chroman-4-one hydrazones derivatives. Compounds were prepared and characterized, and then transformed into hydrazonas for molecular optimization. Their cytotoxicity was tested in different cell types using an in vitro MTT assay and the efficacy was evaluated using an in vitro macrophage intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis and L. (V) braziliensis by flow cytometry. The therapeutic effect of two formulations of chroman-4-one hydrazones on the CL induced by L. (V) braziliensis in golden hamsters was determined according to the size of lesions after treatment. The effect of these compounds in the production of inflammatory mediators and cell migration was also determined by in vitro assays using human fibroblasts models. Neither cytotoxicity nor genotoxicity was observed. The benzoic acid hydrazone derivative 2-(2,3-dihydro-4H-1-benzopyran-4-ylidene) hydrazide (4), produced a higher percentage of clinical cures, followed by benzoic acid, 2-(2,3-dihydro-4H-1-benzothiopyran-4-ylidene) hydrazide (3), while benzoic acid, 2-(2,3-dihydro-1,1-dioxide-4H-1-benzothiopyran-4-ylidene) hydrazide (5) and 4-pyridinecarboxylic acid, 2-(4H-1-benzopyran-4-ylidene) hydrazide (6) caused a poor therapeutic response. The compound 4 also showed an effect in the inflammatory and fibroblast migration processes. In conclusion, this is the first report of antileishmanial activity combined with inflammatory and wound healing properties. Results obtained here suggest that this strategy could be a good alternative for development of new drugs for the treatment of CL.

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Medicinal Chemistry Research

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An oligo-His-tag of a targeting module does not influence its biodistribution and the retargeting capabilities of UniCAR T cells

Recently, we established the controllable modular UniCAR platform technology to advance the efficacy and safety of CAR T cell therapy. The UniCAR system is composed of (i) target modules (TMs) and (ii) UniCAR armed T cells. TMs are bispecific molecules that are able to bind to the tumor cell surface and simultaneously to UniCAR T cells. For interaction with UniCAR T cells, TMs contain a peptide epitope sequence which is recognised by UniCAR T cells. So far, a series of TMs against a variety of tumor targets including against the prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) were constructed and functionally characterised. In order to facilitate their purification all these TMs are expressed as recombinant proteins equipped with an oligo-His-tag. The aim of the here presented manuscript was to learn whether or not the oligo-His-tag of the TM influences the UniCAR system. For this purpose, we constructed TMs against PSCA equipped with or lacking an oligo-His-tag. Both TMs were compared side by side including for functionality and biodistribution. According to our data, an oligo-His-tag of a UniCAR TM has only little if any effect on its binding affinity, in vitro and in vivo killing capability and in vivo biodistribution.

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Scientific Reports

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Usable rainwater volume; Results of a hydrological study conducted at the Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia

This study was carried out at the \"Universidad de Santander\", in Bucaramanga, Colombia, to calculate the volume of rainwater capturable from the roofs of five campus buildings, as the blueprints for these surfaces were available to obtain their areas. Roof areas were first obtained for the Guane, Motilón, Arhuaco, Chibcha and Yariguíes buildings, from which rainwater can be captured. Intensity, duration, and frequency curves from the \"Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales\" were then used to calculate a design flow, yielding the diameter of the pipe necessary to evacuate the water captured. In addition, data from the \"Universidad de Santander\" meteorological station was evaluated to obtain monthly rainfall figures. The highest-yielding structure was the Motilón building, with approximately 80 m3 in the months of May and November, 2018, as this structure has the largest roof area, and the area experienced its greatest quantity of rain during these months. The total accumulation predicted by the study was 1837.96 m3 annually, sufficient to suggest the possibility of its use in restrooms, gardens, and floor washing at the \"Universidad de Santander\", Bucaramanga, Colombia. The volume of water calculated is variable on a yearly basis, and was estimated by means of one year of rainfall readings from the university\'s meteorological station. Hydraulic structures designed for the purpose of capturing this water would require a specific study, taking into account the records of other nearby meteorological stations, and making necessary provision for the storage of water in excess of expected volumes.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

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Multicriteria analysis of methane mitigation options on offshore oil and gas production platforms

The oil and gas exploration and production sector are one of the most significant methane emitters through fossil fuel combustion and fugitive emissions. In Brazil, there are few studies focused on the mitigation of methane in the oil sector. The objective of the present work is to use a multicriteria analysis methodology to compare different methane mitigation technologies applicable to offshore oil and gas platforms. In the study, six different mitigation options were compared through the analytic hierarchy process methodology, considering environmental, financial and operational criteria. The results were calculated for each mitigation option considering the scores of each criterion and their respective relative weights, obtained in the prioritization of the elements. This unique score obtained through the analytic hierarchy process made it possible to compare the mitigation alternatives. The alternative that received the best score considering the evaluated criteria was the recovery of vapor from cargo tanks associated with methane reuse, being highlighted mainly due to its high potential for mitigation.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

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Obtaining biogas for use during construction of residential buildings

The present study examines the technical and economic feasibility of a biodigester to generate biogas from organic waste, such as human and food residues, generated during construction projects. Based on existing data and the scaling model selected, the quantity of such waste was estimated on a per-worker basis over a period of 30 days; yielding a daily average of 86 grams of food waste, 250 grams of stool, and 1.5 liters of urine. These estimates are scalable for the calculation of periods of greater or lesser duration. The data, variables, and calculations were analyzed using a technological tool developed for this study, such that other users or parties interested in the use of a biodigester for the management of organic wastes and biogas generation in construction projects can enter the relevant data for their project and generate scaling and cost data as an output. The use of a biodigester for construction projects is based on real-life experience in various sectors, for the most part in rural areas and domestic applications; while factors such as space, maintenance, and safety, among others, have hindered the use of this technology in the construction sector. Nevertheless, its implementation in new construction projects drives positive social, environmental, and economic impacts, as it reduces the volume of organic wastes for disposal, and substitutes for the use of fossil fuels. The latter results in a reduction of pollution, and improves the environment, with corresponding positive effects upon human health and wellbeing. It also represents an opportunity to reduce the cost of gas consumed during the construction process of residential buildings.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

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Implementation of research agendas in the training of engineers: Academic training with social sense

The implementation of research intervention strategies is presented as the main theme of this longitudinal study, within the framework of the application of the research agenda of engineering programs. Classroom work, training practices, business practices, classroom projects, and research group projects are proposed as training scenarios. The strategies are actions that are applied in three productive processes of interest for the engineering, such as: (i) productive process of object systems (ii) primary biomass productive process and (iii) primary artisanal cosmetics production process. The objective is to show the results of the research agendas application as an academic process planning tool for form research competencies. Three cases have presented that show the knowledge construction and the research intervention traceability in different the engineer fields in his training process. The three production processes become application centers of an area of the engineer research interest, as is the supply chain optimization. In the results, the planning methods of the agenda highlight, with the collective construction of knowledge of the training process, the targeting of the area of research interest, the linking of actors, the articulation of research lines of the program, and the scope of the strategies of intervention and didactics by scenarios. The study shows training relevant processes in the economic, social and environmental fields, promoting collective learning opportunities and fostering innovation through inclusive industrialization.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

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Study for the dispersion of particulate matter emissions from a steel industry using Gaussian Plume equation through computational modeling

Mathematical models allow evaluating air pollutants effects to the environment, being a relevant tool for planning and regulatory purposes. The present study aims to evaluate the air quality of Volta Redonda, Brazil, due to particulate matter emitted by stationary point sources of a large steel plant using meteorological data from three monitoring stations. A mathematical model was developed linking Matlab® and RStudio®, using the Gaussian dispersion equation and Google Maps to visualize the results. Observed data revealed southern, north-western and northern light prevailing winds that were used to simulate stable and unstable atmosphere conditions according Pasquill-Guifford classification. Results have exposed elevated concentrations of particulate matter in ambient air, reaching particularly Santa Cecilia neighbourhood. National air quality standards recently updated were partially met however numerous violations were indicated, considerably higher in Santa Cecilia station (47.98%), followed by Belmonte (6.69%) and Retiro (4.17%), indicating a forthcoming need for an update of the technologies and processes that emit particulate matter to improve the city air quality, preventing from environmental and human health effects.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

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Market analysis of the target population for the creation of waterproof paint to mitigate environmental impacts in Bucaramanga, Colombia

In this study, a target population of hardware stores that sell paint in the city of Bucaramanga, Colombia was determined. Through a survey, we proceeded to investigate in business the different uses that give expanded polystyrene that generally serves as a product packaging element. A univariate and bivariate analysis of the variables used in this study was carried out with statistical package for the social sciences to make a diagnosis of the different uses of expanded polystyrene and its use in construction materials. Therefore, use the expanded polystyrene to reduce the volume in sanitary landfills through the creation of waterproofing paint. The gradual process of industrialization of the new paint based on expanded polystyrene EPS will allow mitigating the transit of these wastes to sanitary landfills to reduce environmental impact, will allow the emergence of a new production chain as a commitment to a social industry that will receive economic benefits for the improvement of the quality of life of the actors that will intervene in said productive chain. It has not been implemented because some scientists believe that the inputs required to mix expanded polystyrene are expensive and the industry would not be willing to take on. It is observable that the scientific community is also not interested in exploring limonene alternatives so that the criteria of a mixture with environmentally friendly expanded polystyrene are maintained.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

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Characterization of biodeteriorating microorganisms in buildings in Bucaramanga, Colombia

The action of the microorganisms upon the integrity of the constructing material is termed Biodeterioration, concrete resistance to the action of the microorganisms is considered an indirect measurement of its durability and could be used as a marker of the integrity of the structure. In Colombia, the studies considering this parameter are rare. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize the microbial communities present in areas with evident deterioration in the selected buildings. To accomplish this, isolation, culturing and molecular identification of the isolates was performed. Results showed that Cladosporium spp, Aspergillus spp, Mucor spp, Penicillium spp, Penicillium spp, Rhizopus spp, Fusarium spp, Geotrichum spp, and bacterial genera such as Bacillus spp and Amphibacillus spp, coexist within the biofilms sampled. This study is a description and a starting point to deepen the characterization of these communities and to understand the role they perform in the integrity of the building materials considering the climatic and environmental conditions.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

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Effects of climate change on the resources of the rural ecosystem, a view from farmer perspectives

This paper presents the results obtained from the categorization of the social representations of farmer groups on the effects of climate change on the biodiversity of their farms, developed in a rural area of the Colombian Andes. A mixed methodology was used throughout the analysis of the behavior of rainfall and temperature between the years 2010-2017 and the implementation of an open survey on 144 farmers, of which its data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics through descriptive estimators and an analysis of variance and multiple comparison mean tests, respectively. Furthermore, a qualitative analysis, supported by Corbin and Strauss\' Grounded Theory, was carried out on 18 farmer families using semi-structured interviews. The hypothesis testing determined the existence of significant differences between the mean temperatures of the years observed when obtaining a value of Fc = 3.50, highly significant at 1%, and a value of Fc = 2.79, significant at 5%, P<0.05, for the mean rainfall. In the descriptive analysis, farmers\' perception of the negative effects of climate change was evident in the decrease in the availability of water from natural sources (80.6%), deterioration in water quality (50.0%), variations in rainfall intensity (82.0%) and in local bimodal rainfall patterns (79.0%). The inferential analysis determined that the proportion of farmers reporting a disappearance of species due to intense heat or rainfall differs significantly from the level of p<0.05, over those who reported that these conditions have not caused variations in flora and fauna. The qualitative analysis verified the effects of climate change on rural biodiversity resources, which were expressed in 4 emerging categories: 1) Biodiversity resources in the process of extinction, 2) resilient resources, 3) emerging biodiversity, and 4) new agricultural business opportunities. The findings reveal that from a farmers\' perspective climatic variations are affecting species of fauna and flora in rural communities.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

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Biofertilizing potential of a fertilizer based on cienego and native microorganisms in corn seeds

In the development of the productive process of stone aggregates, during the stage of washing and extraction of sludge from the decanter wells, a \"cienego\" sand is produced in an approximate quantity of 24.75 tons per day, of which only 10% per day is commercialized, the remaining 90% must be discarded, causing financial detriment, impact on the environment in terms of pollution by handling the product that is discarded, occupation of useful areas and landscape degradation, among other impacts negatively affecting the companies in the sector, and their environment. The objective of this research was to evaluate a fertilizer based on cienego and three native microorganisms (Azotobacter sp, 1 Azotobacter sp, 2 and Pseudomonas sp) in corn seeds. For this purpose, three native strains of diazotrophic bacteria were isolated from soil samples of oil palm crops in Tibú, located at Norte de Santander, Colombia, which were biochemically identified using traditional culture media. These isolates were inoculated into corn seeds in trays with sterile soil plus ciénego at 70/30 ratio respectively, and the plant growth-promoting effect was recorded every 4 days, by measuring morphological variables such as height, number of leaves, number of roots, length and germination rate. The results showed that Azotobacter sp, 2 treatment presented a higher production of roots, reached greater height (cm), number of leaves and germination rate in comparison to control treatment after 12 days of monitoring, besides directly influencing the percentage of organic matter in the substrate and elements such as calcium, potassium and phosphorus, allowing greater productivity and corn seed yield once these were germinated.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

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Structural study of hydrogen absorption properties using Thermocalc software for application in energy storage

The interest in developing experiments and processes in general through mathematical modelling or simulation, has been growing considerably in recent decades; the previous, insofar as it offers highly reliable results that have an impact on advantages such as reduction of the risk associated with the execution of costly or difficult to reproduce experiments since they handle many variables or even the elimination of times associated with the execution of said experiments. For its part, the study of hydrogen storage alloys represents a fundamental element in the so-called hydrogen economy, which seeks the integration of hydrogen as an alternative solution to dependence on fossil fuels, due that this energy vector has a high energy density when is compared to the gasoline and the only residue of this process is water vapor that will undoubtedly reduce CO2 emissions. Thus, in this study a simulation of the evolution of the microstructure of hydrogen storage alloys based on TiCrV is developed, using ternary systems at different temperatures; this evolution is the result of the phase change when the elements are subjected from high temperatures to room temperature, obtaining a body-centered cubic structure. Likewise, the solidification process of the components present in the alloy is studied to corroborate the final structure with experimental data. In preliminary results, it is observed that the simulation throws a body centered structure, and in the solidification process, a remnant of a compact hexagonal structure is observed. This Ti-Cr-V system is widely studied due to its large hydrogen storage capacity, which can be used for technological purposes.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

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Estimation of potential hydrogen production from palm kernel shell in Norte de Santander, Colombia

This work sought to estimate the economic and environmental potential of palm kernel shell for hydrogen production as energy vector in Norte de Santander, Colombia. A field research determined that the department generates monthly 14082 t of palm biomass of which 12501 of palm kernel shell remain available for their use. The proximate and ultimate analyses of the palm kernel shell report high heating value (19.53 MJ/kg) compared with other agro-industrial biomasses, high content of volatile material (69.82% w/w) and fixed carbon (21.68% w/w), promoters of chemical reactions in pyrolysis and gasification processes, respectively. In the Aspen Plus® simulation process of the palm kernel shell gasification at 900 °C and steam/biomass ratio of 1.5, a yield is obtained of hydrogen production of 40.7%, equivalent to a monthly production in Norte de Santander of 51.6 t. Using H2 in the generation of electric power permits producing 470.9 MWh/month that represent theoretical utilities of US$27734.5. In another scenario, 55848.8 gal/month of gasoline are substituted, equivalent to US$11708.6 through the sale of carbon credits. Regarding diesel, 45905.1 gal are replaced per month, which add US$9725.4 through the commercial transaction in the carbon market. It is concluded that using palm kernel shell as primary source to obtain H2, has, in principle, a favorable economic and environmental impact for sustainable development of the department of Norte de Santander, besides contributing to the knowledge base on the penetration of this vector in Colombia\'s energy matrix; however, more detailed technical and economic studies are needed to conclude regarding the economic viability of this energy conversion process.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

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Biomethane production potential from selected agro-industrial waste in Colombia and perspectives of its use in vehicular transport

The proper disposal and management of the waste generated from the agro-industrial activity in Colombia constitute a problem with environmental, economic and social implications, such that its solution constitutes a matter of national interest. Thus, the objective of this work is to estimate the potential of biomethane production by biochemical conversion of selected agro-industrial waste and, its use is proposed in vehicular transport currently moved by natural gas. Methodologically, the study relies on official statistics of the national entities that report the volume of crops and waste generated yearly, Three crops were selected, applying criteria of abundance, geographic distribution, and energy properties: sugarcane, palm oil, and rice; the waste considered for each of them were sugarcane bagasse, empty fruit bunches of palm oil and rice straw. The conversion of said waste to energy vectors is by anaerobic digestion producing biogas, and from its purification, biomethane. The volume of biomethane obtained was 1,290x106 m3/year. This important value was compared with studies from other countries. The prospects for the final use of biomethane as vehicle fuel are promising. So, biomethane is a potentially attractive develop option in Colombia, which would make it necessary to carry out more specific and detailed studies include economic, environmental and social aspects that would positively impact the route to the sustainable development of the country.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

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Rainwater volume at the Alberto Santos Buitrago school in El Socorro, Colombia

This study calculated the volume of capturable rainwater over a three-month period at the Alberto Santos Buitrago school in the municipality of El Socorro, Colombia. Rainwater is frequently an under-developed natural resource, due to the minimal investment by public entities, and to the lack of awareness and education of the local inhabitants in this regard. Due to the significant climatic changes occurring across Colombia, however, new interest has arisen in utilizing this resource. The Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia, and the Universidad Libre in El Socorro, Colombia, have joined forces to promote projects focused upon the use of these resources to ameliorate the condition of vulnerable green areas, which tend to deteriorate during dry summer months, as occurred during this study, due to local geographic conditions and the impacted population; in these case young, low-income students of this rural municipality. Such a water storage and distribution system could also serve a valuable role in the school\'s sanitary facilities, and for cleaning public areas, with a total of 35.01 m3 of rainwater collected on school roofs. Nevertheless, upon the delivery of the results of the current study, a significant lack of interest was evident on the part of the directors of public institutions in implementing this type of sanitary system. It is thus necessary for the community itself to commit to incentivizing and promoting the implementation and improvement of these new mechanisms.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Effect of expanded polystyrene waste in the creation of waterproofing paint

The production, use, and poor management of polymers, and especially of expanded polystyrene, have resulted in various environmental challenges, such as large-scale waste generation, accumulation of toxic substances, and the pollution of natural resources, chiefly of water and soil. Consequently, nations around the world are investing considerable research effort into developing waste treatment and reduction solutions. Some areas have even enacted bans against the use of the material, however, in the Colombian case, it continues to be highly represented in the industry, and given the low cost of this packaging, little effort has been made to find a replacement. Expanded polystyrene is a thermoplastic polymer with low weight, low thermal conductivity, low cost, and low water absorption; factors which have made it a less attractive target for recycling. It has, however, excellent resistance to mechanical compression, which makes it viable for study in other applications such as those considered in the present study, offering advantages in terms of environmental protection without the need to completely eliminate the use of the material. The present study analyses the effects of integrating waste expanded polystyrene into the process of creating waterproofing paint. The research is divided into three major phases: the first focusing on the determination of the paint\'s technical requirements using previous research and by means of initial testing; the second, on elimination tests to validate the properties of various samples before preparing the final paint mixture; and finally, a third phase of final tests required for a waterproof paint. The final formula is applied to common materials in the construction sector, such as wood, metal, glass, and concrete, to validate each of the required properties. Among the main results, technical viability was identified in the second sample, which demonstrated the best results at a ratio of 1: 2.5: 2.5 of waste expanded polystyrene, D-limonene and methyl acetate, respectively.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

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Influence of mechanical milling on the hydrogen absorption properties of TiCrV - Based alloys

The hydrogen economy is a concept focused on this element as a carrier of clean and cheap energy, one of the keys is the storage of this gas safely. In this sense, TiCrV-based alloys have great capacity to store hydrogen. In the present working studied the influence of the process of mechanical milling of high energy in the storage capacity of hydrogen of TiCr1.1 V0.9 alloy. The alloy was synthesized by arc fusion and manually crushed. The effects of mechanical milling were studied for periods of time of 1 hour and 3 hours at 300 revolutions per minute with a weight/weight ratio of the sample 10: 1. The x-ray diffraction analyzes revealed solid phase formation of body center cubic phase, characteristic of TiCrV base alloys, and formation of TiCr1.8H5.3 hydrides and TiH2 hydrides with orthorhombic structure and body center cubic, respectively. The hydrogen storage capacity of the TiCr1.1 V0.9 alloy decreased with the increase in grinding time. The reasons for the drop in hydrogen storage capacity are mainly two: contamination of the surface of the alloy powder and changes in the microstructure generated by the plastic deformation in the grinding process. However, an increase in absorption kinetics was observed at longer milling times because the surface area increases since the crystallite size decreases. This phenomenon can be explained by the catalytic effect produced by the decrease in the particle size of the samples. The differential scanning calorimetry analysis was able to determine that the TiCr1.8H5.3 hydride stored a greater amount of hydrogen and has a lower desorption temperature compared to the TiH2 hydride.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Metal hydrides with body-centered cubic structure: Advantages and challenges

Metal hydrides are considered an easy and safe way to store hydrogen. Storage is one of the keys to the large-scale implementation of the so-called hydrogen economy, which will undoubtedly revolutionize the new vision of sustainable development towards a more environmentally friendly world. This paper presents a general review of some alloys based on TiCrV and TiCrVZr showing their advantages and challenges that must be developed for their implementation. The capacity of absorption and desorption as a function of time is shown using a Sieverts type device, the structure is studied by means of X-ray diffraction as well as its morphology by means of scanning electron microscopy. This paper shows the advantages and disadvantages of alloy synthesis methods based on transition metals, it is observed that hydrogen capacity increases in the process of fusion synthesis and decreases in the process by mechanical grinding, however the capacity desorption is not optimal at room temperature.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Performance, chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Ruta chalepensis and Origanum vulgare

The antibacterial effectiveness of Origanum vulgare and Ruta chalepensis essential oils cultivated in three municipalities of Norte de Santander, Colombia, on gram positive and gram-negative bacteria was determined in vitro. The oil extraction process was carried out at zoey perfumery company by the steam dragging method from 5 kg of vegetable material, the oil yield obtained compared with the vegetable material collected was calculated using mathematical formulas and its chemical composition was determined by mass spectrometry since is an analytical technique with great potential that allows to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of molecules. For the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration of the extracted oils, the mother solution of 2.5 g/mL was prepared and from this solution, the different dilutions at concentrations from 1000 mg/mL up to 15.62 mg/mL were made. A suspension equal to tube 0.5 of the McFarland scale of each of the microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) was then prepared with sterile saline solution and inoculated in microplates with volumes of diluted solution, soy tripticasa broth and dimethyl sulfoxide, was then incubated at 37 °C for 18 hours and proceeded to inoculate in Müeller-Hinton agar to verify its minimum bactericidal concentration. The results show that the yield of Origanum vulgare essential oil was 0.8% and for Ruta chalepensis 0.1%. The chemical analysis of the oils revealed the major components of Origanum vulgare such as β-mircene 1.6%, ∝-terpinene 15.7%, 1.8-cineol 3.8%, yterpineno 2.6%, terpine-4-ol 1.1%, timol methyl ether 17.4%, timol 30.6%, carvacrol 8.1%, trans-β-caryophyllene 6.3%, ∝-humulene 1%, cariophylene oxide 3.1% and Ruta chalepensis as nonanone 37.1%, undecanone 39.4%, nonanyl acetate 2.2%, decanone 2.8%. The results obtained show that essential oil of Ruta chalepensis at concentration of 500 mg/mL stop growth of Escherichia coli and seudomonas aeruginosa and at a concentration of 1000 mg/mL stop growth of S. aureus while the essential oil of Origanum vulgare was the most effective for the inhibition of all the microorganisms evaluated, requiring a concentration of 15.62 mg/mL for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a concentration of 125 mg/mL was necessary. It is concluded that according to the chemical composition, materials of vegetable origin such as Ruta chalepensis and Origanum vulgare essential oils can be taken for the elaboration of products with potential in artisanal cosmetics and even in pharmaceutical products.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

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Physicochemical study of used frying oil as feedstock for the production of biodiesel

A diagnosis was made of the availability and quality of the used frying oil of the establishments dedicated to chicken fry in the city of San José de Cúcuta, to evaluate its technical feasibility as a feedstock in the biodiesel production. A survey was applied to 21 restaurants, evidencing that they reuse the oil less times when having a high monthly consumption (i.e. more than 80 liters, contrary to those consuming less than 60 liters, which reuse the oil more than 3 times. As a final disposition, 86% of establishments sell the used frying oil at $750/liter and 14% deliver it to be used by external persons. The physicochemical properties of used frying oil were analyzed as: fatty acid profile, density, moisture content, refractive index, acidity index, peroxide index and saponification index. The used frying oil presented high content of oleic acid (42.45%) and palmitic acid (33.52%), converting it into a potential feedstock by presenting fatty acids characteristics from palm oil, which is the main source for the production of biodiesel in Colombia. To improve the organoleptic characteristics of the used frying oil (dark colour, strong odour, emulsions), it was subjected to heating and filtering to remove the particles that affect the yield of biodiesel production.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Bioconversion of post-culture wastewater from farm fisheries for the production of high-value algal biomass

Post-consumption water from inland fisheries possesses a tremendous environmental impact on aquatic ecosystems due to their high load of nutrients such as Nitrates, Phosphates, Urea and organic load. Due to the high cost of current water treatment systems, most of the waters from inland fisheries are discharged without any treatment, thus generating a significant environmental impact in rivers of different localities. Cyanobacteria are a group of photosynthetic microorganisms that can grow in different environments including wastewater. Among the most industrially exploited cyanobacteria, Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima is the most relevant microorganism, due to its capacity to produce large quantities of protein and colourants (especially phycocyanins) for the food and feed industry. The objective of this project is to determine the maximum production capacity of Spirulina in post-consumption waters of fish farming as a system for the treatment of this type of water through the biological capture of the various nutrients and the production of biomass of industrial interest. S. maxima was produced on 3 different media (wastewater + Zarouk, wastewater + K2HPO4, NaNO3, NaHCO3 and wastewater without any modification) for 30 days. Results shown that S. maxima can effectively grow on wastewater supplemented with NaNO3 (2.5 g/L), NaHCO3 (16.8 g/L) and K2HPO4 (0.5 g/L) to obtain up to 1.18 g/L of total biomass and 0.23 g/L of phycocianins. The scaling of culture at 10 L showed a minimal reduction on final biomass and phycocyanin (1.05 and 0.21 g/L respectively), this result indicates that the production of biomass and phycobiliproteins from S. maxima in wastewater from inland fisheries can be a possible candidate for the simplification of biomass and high-value metabolites process production.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Educational contextualization: Memories, oral narratives and subjectivities at the border

The present study conducted in the educational context at the Colombo-Venezuelan border approaches the issue of migrant children vulnerability, the coexistence relationship among equals and the teacher\'s pedagogical intervention in the re-signification processes of identity in the self (sameness) and the other (otherness) recognition. This research objective was to characterize the social environment and then determine the citizen actions and attitudes evidenced in the school context and to establish a coexistence protocol. In this study, in which 220 elementary school students between 10 and 12 years old from two institutions at the border region participated deepens in the diagnosis, recognition and development of a classroom work methodology. The methodological approach is qualitative and work in four phases 1) documentary: Analysis of student population to the competent agencies in the region, boards of education and government institutions, among others, 2) field research: identifying the actors, conduct the interviews and apply the instrument for occupational self-evaluation 3) analysis of the findings and interpretation results from the categories carried out with the theory founded. 4) scientific contribution creation. Their oral narratives result mainly indicate that there is a vulnerable student population coming from dysfunctional homes that somehow have to live through the border conflicts; families that are exposed to daily violence in their neighborhoods due to the smuggling of products, many children work as \"smugglers\": they buy and resell family basket basic and scarce products. The staying of migrant children is fluctuating during the school period.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

A theranostic PSMA ligand for PET imaging and retargeting of T cells expressing the universal chimeric antigen receptor UniCAR

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown impressive therapeutic potential. Due to the lack of direct control mechanisms, therapy-related adverse reactions including cytokine release- and tumor lysis syndrome can even become life-threatening. In case of target antigen expression on non-malignant cells, CAR T cells can also attack healthy tissues. To overcome such side effects, we have established a modular CAR platform termed UniCAR: UniCAR T cells per se are inert as they recognize a peptide epitope (UniCAR epitope) that is not accessible on the surface of living cells. Bifunctional adapter molecules termed target modules (TM) can cross-link UniCAR T cells with target cells. In the absence of TMs, UniCAR T cells automatically turn off. Until now, all UniCAR TMs were constructed by fusion of the UniCAR epitope to an antibody domain. To open up the wide field of low-molecular-weight compounds for retargeting of UniCAR T cells to tumor cells, and to follow in parallel the progress of UniCAR T cell therapy by PET imaging we challenged the idea to convert a PET tracer into a UniCAR-TM. For proof of concept, we selected the clinically used PET tracer PSMA-11, which binds to the prostate-specific membrane antigen overexpressed in prostate carcinoma. Here we show that fusion of the UniCAR epitope to PSMA-11 results in a low-molecular-weight theranostic compound that can be used for both retargeting of UniCAR T cells to tumor cells, and for non-invasive PET imaging and thus represents a member of a novel class of theranostics.

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OncoImmunology

Título del artículo:

Childhood obesity: Aetiology, comorbidities, and treatment

Obesity is currently considered a global epidemic, and its implications in mortality and morbidity in a paediatric patient and in adulthood are increasingly important. The objective of this article is to review in detail the definition of obesity according to age group, and, in turn, the epidemiology of this entity worldwide and in South America. Available evidence about pathophysiology and, additionally, associated comorbidities are reported in some of the most important and clinically relevant body systems. The recommendations on pharmacological and nonpharmacological management through changes in lifestyle and relevant aspects of bariatric surgery in the paediatric population are also described.

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Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews