Título del artículo:

In favor of the concept of reasonable person: Analysis based on the innominate contract of logistics services

The atypical logistics services contract contains complex services designed according to commercial traffic. However, when interpretative conflicts arise, the judges resort to criteria external to the initial economic equation. This can lead to unintended consequences. This investigation investigated the limits of Kantian philosophy to solve the problem. It is concluded that equality may be a non-utilitarian basis for interpretation, but it continues to resort to more than just the will. Finally, the concept of reasonable person is proposed, since it respects the commercial logic of the business and at the same time is a hermeneutical method that is effective.

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Revista de Derecho Privado

Título del artículo:

Glutathione-related genetic polymorphisms are associated with mercury retention and nephrotoxicity in gold-mining settings of a Colombian population

Mercury (Hg) vapor can produce kidney injury, where the proximal tubule region of the nephron is the main target of the Hg-induced oxidative stress. Hg is eliminated from the body as a glutathione conjugate. Thus, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in glutathione-related genes might modulate the negative impact of this metal on the kidneys. Glutathione-related SNPs were tested for association with levels of Hg and renal function biomarkers between occupationally exposed (n = 160) and non-exposed subjects (n = 121). SNPs were genotyped by TaqMan assays in genomic DNA samples. Total mercury concentration was measured in blood, urine and hair samples. Regression analyses were performed to estimate the effects of SNPs on quantitative traits. Alleles GCLM rs41303970-T and GSTP1 rs4147581-C were significantly overrepresented in the exposed compared with the non-exposed group (P < 0.01). We found significant associations for GCLM rs41303970-T with higher urinary clearance rate of Hg (β = 0.062, P = 0.047), whereas GCLC rs1555903-C was associated with lower levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate in the non-exposed group (eGFR, β = − 3.22, P = 0.008) and beta-2-microglobulin in the exposed group (β-2MCG, β = − 19.32, P = 0.02). A SNP-SNP interaction analysis showed significant epistasis between GSTA1 rs3957356-C and GSS rs3761144-G with higher urinary levels of Hg in the exposed (β = 0.13, P = 0.04) but not in the non-exposed group. Our results suggest that SNPs in glutathione-related genes could modulate the pathogenesis of Hg nephrotoxicity in our study population by modulating glutathione concentrations in individuals occupationally exposed to this heavy metal.

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Scientific Reports

Título del artículo:

The prediction of Metabolic Syndrome alterations is improved by combining waist circumference and handgrip strength measurements compared to either alone

Background: Adiposity is a major component of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), low muscle strength has also been identified as a risk factor for MetS and for cardiovascular disease. We describe the prevalence of MetS and evaluate the relationship between muscle strength, anthropometric measures of adiposity, and associations with the cluster of the components of MetS, in a middle-income country. Methods: MetS was defined by the International Diabetes Federation criteria. To assess the association between anthropometric variables (waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (W/H), body mass index (BMI)), strength (handgrip/kg bodyweight (HGS/BW)) and the cluster of MetS, we created a MetS score. For each alteration (high triglycerides, low HDLc, dysglycemia, or high blood pressure) one point was conferred. To evaluate the association an index of fat:muscle and MetS score, participants were divided into 9 groups based on combinations of sex-specific tertiles of WC and HGS/BW. Results: The overall prevalence of MetS in the 5,026 participants (64% women; mean age 51.2 years) was 42%. Lower HGS/BW, and higher WC, BMI, and W/H were associated with a higher MetS score. Amongst the 9 HGS/BW:WC groups, participants in the lowest tertile of HGS/BW and the highest tertile of WC had a higher MetS score (OR = 4.69 in women and OR = 8.25 in men;p < 0.01) compared to those in the highest tertile of HGS/BW and in the lowest tertile of WC. Conclusion: WC was the principal risk factor for a high MetS score and an inverse association between HGS/BW and MetS score was found. Combining these anthropometric measures improved the prediction of metabolic alterations over either alone.

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Cardiovascular Diabetology

Título del artículo:

Study of heart rate recovery and cardiovascular autonomic modulation in healthy participants after submaximal exercise

Heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure variability (BPV), and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) provide important information on cardiovascular autonomic control. However, little is known about the reorganization of HRV, BPV, and BRS after aerobic exercise. While there is a positive relationship between heart rate (HR) recovery rate and cardiorespiratory fitness, it is unclear whether there is a relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and reorganization of cardiovascular autonomic modulation during recovery. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether cardiorespiratory fitness influences the cardiovascular autonomic modulation recovery, after a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Sixty men were assigned into groups according to their cardiorespiratory fitness: low cardiorespiratory fitness (LCF = VO2: 22–38 mL kg−1 min−1), moderate (MCF = VO2: 38–48 mL kg−1 min−1), and high (HCF = VO2 > 48 mL kg−1 min−1). HRV (linear and non-linear analysis) and BPV (spectral analysis), and BRS (sequence method) were performed before and after a cardiopulmonary exercise test. The groups with higher cardiorespiratory fitness had lower baseline HR values and HR recovery time after the cardiopulmonary exercise test. On comparing rest and recovery periods, the spectral analysis of HRV showed a decrease in low-frequency (LF) oscillations in absolute units and high frequency (HF) in absolute and normalized units. It also showed increases in LF oscillations of blood pressure. Nonlinear analysis showed a reduction in approximate entropy (ApEn) and in Poincare Plot parameters (SD1 and SD2), accompanied by increases in detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) parameters α1 and α2. However, we did not find differences in cardiovascular autonomic modulation parameters and BRS in relation to cardiorespiratory fitness neither before nor after the cardiopulmonary test. We concluded that cardiorespiratory fitness does not affect cardiovascular autonomic modulations after cardiopulmonary exercise test, unlike HR recovery.

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Scientific Reports

Título del artículo:

A novel method for isolation and culture of primary swine gastric epithelial cells

Background: Culturing primary epithelial cells has a major advantage over tumor-derived or immortalized cell lines as long as their functional phenotype and genetic makeup are mainly maintained. The swine model has shown to be helpful and reliable when used as a surrogate model for human diseases. Several porcine cell lines have been established based on a variety of tissues, which have shown to extensively contribute to the current understanding of several pathologies, especially cancer. However, protocols for the isolation and culture of swine gastric epithelial cells that preserve cell phenotype are rather limited. We aimed to develop a new method for establishing a primary epithelial cell culture from the fundic gland region of the pig stomach. Results: Mechanical and enzymatic dissociation of gastric tissue was possible by combining collagenase type I and dispase II, protease inhibitors and antioxidants, which allowed the isolation of epithelial cells from the porcine fundic glands showing cell viability > 90% during the incubation period. Gastric epithelial cells cultured in RPMI 1640, DMEM-HG and DMEM/F12 media did not contribute enough to cell adhesion, cluster formation and cell proliferation. By contrast, William’s E medium supplemented with growth factors supports confluency and proliferation of a pure epithelial cell monolayer after 10 days of incubation at 37 °C, 5% CO2. Mucin-producing cell phenotype of primary isolates was confirmed by PAS staining, MUC1 by immunohistochemistry, as well as the expression of MUC1 and MUC20 genes by RT-PCR and cDNA sequencing. Swine gastric epithelial cells also showed origin-specific markers such as cytokeratin cocktail (AE1/AE3) and cytokeratin 18 (CK-18) using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence methods, respectively. Conclusions: A new method was successfully established for the isolation of primary gastric epithelial cells from the fundic gland zone through a swine model based on a combination of tissue-specific proteases, protease inhibitors and antioxidants after mechanical cell dissociation. The formulation of William’s E medium with growth factors for epithelial cells contributes to cell adhesion and preserves functional primary cells phenotype, which is confirmed by mucin production and expression of typical epithelial markers over time.

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BMC Molecular and Cell Biology

Título del artículo:

Exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs: The Modulator Keys of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in the Genesis and Progression of Malignant Neoplasms

The tumor microenvironment is made up of a universe of molecular and cellular components that promote or inhibit the development of neoplasms. Among the molecular elements are cytokines, metalloproteinases, proteins, mitochondrial DNA, and nucleic acids, within which the ncRNAs: miRNAs and lncRNAs stand out due to their direct modulating effects on the genesis and progression of various cancers. Regarding cellular elements, the solid tumor microenvironment is made up of tumor cells, healthy adjacent epithelial cells, immune system cells, endothelial cells, and stromal cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, which are capable of generating a modulating communication network with the other components of the tumor microenvironment through, among other mechanisms, the secretion of exosomal vesicles loaded with miRNAs and lncRNAs. These ncRNAs are key pieces in developing neoplasms since they have diverse effects on cancer cells and healthy cells, favoring or negatively regulating protumoral cellular events, such as migration, invasion, proliferation, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and resistance to treatment. Due to the growing number of relevant evidence in recent years, this work focused on reviewing, analyzing, highlighting, and showing the current state of research on exosomal ncRNAs derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts and their effects on different neoplasms. A future perspective on using these ncRNAs as real therapeutic tools in the treatment of cancer patients is also proposed.

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Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Título del artículo:

Evaluation of mineral oils as matrices for AISI/SAE–1020 steel naphthenic corrosion study

Petrochemical industry has suffered great economic impact due to light crude oil reserves reduction, so refineries have been processing high acidity heavy crude oils. Studies of corrosion caused by naphthenic acids are interfered by presence of other corrosive agents contained in real crude oils, so naphthenic phenomenon must be isolated using synthetic crude oils. For this reason, in present work two high purity mineral oils were used to evaluate their efficiency as synthetic crude oil matrices in AISI/SAE–1020 steel naphthenic corrosion study. Temperature levels evaluated were 200 °C, 250 °C, and 300 °C, while exposure times evaluated were 5, 10 and 15 hours. Surface morphological characterization of AISI/SAE–1020 steel was carried out using scanning electron microscopy and X–ray diffraction. Gravimetric tests showed that AISI/SAE–1020 steel naphthenic corrosion rate increases with temperature and exposure time for one of the synthetic crude oils. However, results obtained for the other synthetic crude oil did not show increasing behaviour due to presence of sulfur traces in the oil, which caused an interference with AISI/SAE–1020 steel naphthenic corrosion study, reducing the reliability of gravimetric results so they cannot be extrapolated to operating conditions in distillation units.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Left posterior fascicular ventricular tachycardia in a structurally healthy heart

We present the case of a 26-year-old patient with a history of psychoactive substance use who was admitted to the emergency room due to palpitations. In the electrocardiogram performed, tachycardia is observed repolarization alterations with inversion of T waves, which make suspect the presence of previous arrhythmia, without response to the initial management with antiarrhythmic and cardioversion, later a left posterior fascicular ventricular tachycardia is documented which she was managed with verapamil with total remission of symptoms and return to sinus rhythm. An infrequent form of ventricular tachycardia that usually occurs in patients without structural heart disease is presented, of clinical diagnostic importance for its timely treatment.

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Atencion Primaria Practica

Título del artículo:

Secondary chemical pneumonitis due to inhalation of organic solvents

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Atencion Primaria Practica

Título del artículo:

Spontaneous pneumotorax in a professional swimmer

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Atencion Primaria Practica

Título del artículo:

Immunomodulation and antioxidant activities as possible trypanocidal and cardioprotective mechanisms of major terpenes from lippia alba essential oils in an experimental model of chronic chagas disease

In the late phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, parasite persistence and an exaggerated immune response accompanied by oxidative stress play a crucial role in the genesis of Chronic Chagasic Cardiomyopathy (CCC). Current treatments (Benznidazole (BNZ) and Nifurtimox) can effect only the elimination of the parasite, but are ineffective for late stage treatment and for preventing heart damage and disease progression. In vivo trypanocidal and cardioprotective activity has been reported for Lippia alba essential oils (EOs), ascribed to their two major terpenes, limonene and caryophyllene oxide. To investigate the role of antioxidant and immunomodulatory mechanisms behind these properties, chronic-T. cruzi-infected rats were treated with oral synergistic mixtures of the aforementioned EOs. For this purpose, the EOs were optimized through limonene-enrichment fractioning and by the addition of exogenous caryophyllene oxide (LIMOX) and used alone or in combined therapy with subtherapeutic doses of BNZ (LIMOXBNZ). Clinical, toxicity, inflammatory, oxidative, and parasitological (qPCR) parameters were assessed in cardiac tissue. These therapies demonstrated meaningful antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on markers involved in CCC pathogenesis (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, and iNOS), which could explain their significant trypanocidal properties and their noteworthy role in preventing, and even reversing, the progression of cardiac damage in chronic Chagas disease.

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Antioxidants

Título del artículo:

Global outcomes, surgical teams and COVID-19 pandemic: Will the same objectives of global surgery persist?

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Annals of Medicine and Surgery

Título del artículo:

Post-COVID 19 neurological syndrome: The need to define a cut-off score between the acute and post-COVID 19 phases

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Annals of Medicine and Surgery

Título del artículo:

Potential distribution of four vectors of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: The effect of El Niño and La Niña episodes from the perspective of the ecological niche

The potential distribution of four American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis vectors under average conditions during Neutral (in between episodes), El Niño, and La Niña episodes from 2000 to 2018 were constructed through ecological niche modeling. The potential distribution in El Niño and La Niña were compared with the Neutral distribution. The four vector species (Lutzomyia gomezi, Lutzomyia ovallesi, Lutzomyia panamensis, and Lutzomyia trapidoi) decreased the potential distribution with the occurrence of El Niño and La Niña episodes. During El Niño, the reduction was concentrated over the dry ecosystems, while with the occurrence of La Niña, the potential distribution decreased over most of the Neotropic, leaving areas of climatic suitability concentrated in the Andean and Amazon areas, along with some scattered patches. We found evidence that the occurrence of the climatic anomalies has an effect on the potential distribution of this vector species.

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Acta Tropica

Título del artículo:

Latin-American Ambulatory Blood Pressure Registry (MAPA-LATAM): An urgent need

Hypertension (HT) is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Although it is a global problem, independently of economic situation, region, race or culture, the data available on Latin America are limited. Clinical guidelines emphasise the importance of obtaining reliable blood pressure readings. For this reason, the use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is recommended. This improves precision and reproducibility, resulting in better diagnosing and therapeutic decision-making, and constitutes a better estimation of prognosis than office measurements. Unfortunately, there is no global prospective ABPM registry for all of Latin America that analyses HT prevalence, the level of knowledge about it, treatment percentage and the degree of control. Consequently, the authors of this article consider its implementation a priority.

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Revista Clinica Espanola

Título del artículo:

The Global Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) Registry. Rationale, design and objectives

Hypertension is a major risk factor for the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) and blood pressure (BP) in itself is an important marker of prognosis. The association of BP levels, and hemodynamic parameters, measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), with outcomes, in patients with HFPEF is largely unknown. Patients with HFPEF have a substantial burden of co-morbidities and frailty. In addition there are marked geographic differences in HFPEF around the world. How these difference influence the association between BP and outcomes in HFPEF are unknown. The Global Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) Registry aims to assess the relevance of BP parameters, measured by ABPM, on the outcome of HFPEF patients worldwide. Additionally, the influence of other relevant factors such as frailty and co-morbidities will be assessed. Stable HFPEF patients with a previous hospitalization, will be included. Patients should be clinically and hemodynamically stable for at least 4 weeks before study inclusion. Specific data related to HF, biochemical markers, ECG and echocardiography will be collected. An ABPM and geriatric and frailty evaluation will be performed and the association with morbidity and mortality assessed. Follow up will be at least one year.

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Journal of Human Hypertension

Título del artículo:

An Indoor Physical Activity Area for Increasing Physical Activity in the Early Childhood Education Classroom: An Experience for Enhancing Young Children\'s Movement

Several aspects of the indoor early childhood education (ECE) environment may be associated with physical activity (PA), including indoor areas. Modifying the indoor physical environment in classrooms could have significant potential to influence PA in young children. However, to our knowledge, PA promotion interventions involving changes to the ECE indoor physical environment have not been empirically implemented or monitored by accelerometry and direct observation. Therefore, the aims of this study were twofold: (a) to evaluate personal, social, and environmental correlates of moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) in young children during indoor free play time; and (b) to assess the impact of incorporating a physical activity area in an indoor ECE environment on PA patterns during recess and the overall school day. Outcomes were measured at baseline, at 1 week post-intervention, and at 6 weeks’ follow-up. We studied contextual variables such as the presence of others, location, availability of equipment, and gender-based group interactions during indoor free play. It is notable that at 1-week post-intervention, both girls and boys increased their PA levels, but by the 6-week follow-up, the increase in MVPA was significantly higher in boys compared to girls, suggesting that our PA area is not benefitting girls to the same extent as their male counterparts. In addition, at all time points, boys spent more time during recess and overall in MVPA minutes than girls. MVPA is below the recommended levels for this age during the school day, the role of the indoor physical environment and context should be revised.

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Early Childhood Education Journal

Título del artículo:

Fecal microbiota transplant in a patient with canine parvovirus: Clinical case report

It is reported the case of a four-month-old puppy that was admitted to the consultation at the veterinary clinic «Vet Center», Bucaramanga, Colombia, due to a severe gastroenteric disturbance. The patient showed signs of depression, vomiting, dehydration, and fever. The haematological evaluation revealed slight anaemia, and the canine parvovirus test was positive. For the stabilization and treatment of the patient, an intravenous catheter was placed for the infusion of intravenous lactated Ringer’s solutions, antibiotics, antiemetics, and vitamins. In addition, a faecal microbiota transplant was performed as additional therapy after 12 hours of hospitalization, repeating at 12 hours, giving satisfactory results that are discussed in this clinical report.

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Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Peru

Título del artículo:

Microbial community dynamics and electricity generation in MFCs inoculated with POME sludges and pure electrogenic culture

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) requires treatment before disposal due to its high organic matter content. In this study, the electrical performance and wastewater treatment efficiency were evaluated for Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) treating unsterile POME with chemical oxygen demand (COD) from 200 to 10 000 mg/L. Since the inoculum type is a key factor in MFC performance, three types of sludge (methanogenic sludge (MS), facultative sludge (FS), and dry sludge (DS), obtained from the current POME treatment ponds were evaluated as inoculum. Dry sludge (DS) developed a maximum power output of 3.30 W/m3 by oxidizing 71% out of the COD provided by POME (1000 mg/L). Also, raw POME microbiota contributed to an enrichment of the community in DS inoculum along with the operation, in which Geobacter was the predominant genus reaching a current generation of 247 mA/m2 and a power density of 2.36 W/m3. Conversely, pure electrogenic (Shewanella sp.) inoculation led to a diversification process, resulting in a lower current generation of 52 mA/m2 and a power density of 0.10 W/m3. Consequently, microbial community dynamics revealed that MFC inoculation tends to a microbial equilibrium wherein generation of high current density was achieved by gradual microbial enrichment rather than external electrogenic invasion.

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Título del artículo:

Experimental diagnostic and choice of technological parameters of ion nitriding process

Modern hardening coatings, known as duplex coatings, are a combination of two types of surface treatment: preliminary ion nitriding of the substrate and subsequent deposition of a thin hardening film based on ceramic coatings. Nitriding is a process of diffusion saturation of the metal surface with a doping element (nitrogen from the gas phase). The key process parameters are the operating pressure and the temperature of the substrate, which determine the intensity of diffusion fluxes and the efficiency of processing. In this paper, we present a research of the influence of the pressure range (p1 = 1000 Pa, p2 = 400 Pa, and p3 = 200 Pa) in the nitriding process of high-speed steel substrates and the development of a temperature measurement system with ceramic insert made of aluminum nitride that enabled us to control the temperature during the process in the range 470 oC-570 oC. The results show that pressure should not exceed 200 Pa.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Study of methodologies for the formation of a layer that inhibits the formation of bacterial strains in cardiac instruments

Implantable cardiovascular electronic devices are now an essential part of clinical practice in cardiology. The presence in a large number of adult population of problems in the electrical conduction system and several indications with multiple comorbidities has led to an increase in use of implantable cardiovascular electronic devices. However, the application benefit of these devices has been affected by the higher incidence of infections, which represent a serious complication that can lead to significant morbidity, mortality and cost for health centers due to antibiotic treatments, device replacement and longer hospitalization times. For this reason, the present analysis is oriented to possibility of reducing the dissemination of Staphylococcus Aureus by evaluating different techniques for adsorption of a vancomycin antibiotic film in implantable cardiovascular electronic devices. Through this analysis it is possible to establish a new alternative prophylactic method to avoid risks to the health of patients who have problems in the electrical conduction system, which are prone to becoming infected by Staphylococcus Aureus strains during the implantation of the device; in this way, infection can be controlled locally without requiring removal of the initial device and thus avoid an intracardiac compromise that leads to major complications such as endocarditis.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Characterization of the clinoptilolite zeolite and its potential application as the basis of a filtering system for the oil industry

Zeolites are minerals with a wide application in the field of Petrochemicals, mainly as catalysts, in oil refining processes, but their structure and composition also make them good filter materials, for that reason they are used in oil refining processes. Water treatment, when an oil well is exploited, a large amount of water is obtained from the reservoir, known as production water, which is treated and reused in injection processes in the same reservoir, the water from production, contains a high amount of organic compounds, which in many cases prevent an adequate implementation of treatments in the wells, which is why a removal of these organic molecules must be made, in this research, the synthetic zeolite clinoptilolite-Na is used, as a filtration system for organic compounds, using methylene blue as a reference, with which retentions were obtained up to 90%.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Implementation of Tite Liner technique for maintenance and rehabilitation of a Colombian oil pipeline

One of the greatest challenges for petrochemical industry is corrosion prevention, mitigation and control, a phenomenon that generates a high negative impact due to materials degradation and that in recent years has increased as a result of multiphase fluids processing. Thus, there are different mechanisms of damage by internal corrosion that are generated during transport of multiphase fluids with high content of corrosive agents such as carbon dioxide, solid particles and sediments increased because of transport conditions. The technique Tite Liner was used for maintenance and repair of a Colombian oil pipeline with severe integrity problems. Equally, design and tuning of physical and chemical properties of the coating material was carried out, since they remained unchanged during thermofusion welding process, the initial compression for insertion in the system, the subsequent expansion to fit the pipeline internal dimensions and the system start up at high pressure. The experimental analysis displayed an improvement in the operational conditions of the line. This led to a decrease in the operating expenses of the pipeline, directing those assets in the physical recovery of other industrial equipment inherent to the hydrocarbon transportation process.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Assessment of an austenitic steel deterioration using a tool for statistical analysis

Predictive statistical models are widely used in research development to represent linear and non–linear trends that occur in natural phenomena, generally associating the effect caused by multiple adjustable parameters on measurable experimental results. One of the greatest benefits of these models is their application in predictive analysis, since this allows to facilitate decision–making at industrial level in short time, and therefore they are widely used in sectors such as petrochemical industry. In this field, predictive statistical models are generated from experimental results for dependent variables such as materials corrosion rate. In these cases, the models are established based on dependent variables such as: chemical composition of corrosive medium; exposure time; system temperature and type of exposed material, among others. For this reason, in present investigation a statistical model was determined for corrosion rate of AISI 316 steel exposed to a Colombian heavy crude oil as a function of system temperature and exposure time. Development of this statistical model allows its industrial implementation as a tool for prediction of AISI 316 steel sulfidic corrosion rate in a transfer line used for heavy crude oil refining in temperature and exposure time ranges commonly present in distillation units.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Frailty levels in non-institutionalized older adults and sociodemographic characteristics

Introduction: Frailty in older adults is a public health challenge and a priority, given its effects on the functional decline of individuals. Several factors account for its occurrence, including individual aspects. Purpose: To determine frailty levels and their association with sociodemographic characteristics in non-institutionalized older adults. Method: A crosssectional study was conducted on a sample consisting of 2 374 non-institutionalized adults older than 60 years from the Caribbean region of Colombia. The subjects were selected using probabilistic methods; patients with physical and mental disabilities were excluded. The frailty levels were determined based on the five criteria proposed by Fried. Results: The average age of the subjects was 72.2 ± 7.3 years, and the frailty frequency was 20.2 % among women and 25.1 % among men. Sex and age were found to be associated with frailty levels (p < 0.05). The risk of frailty was lower in women than in men (OR =0.54; CI 95 %=0.41-0.71). Subjects older than 85 years showed a frailty risk 1.95-fold higher than that of the younger subjects. (OR = 1.95; CI 95 %=1.3-2.92). Conclusion: A high frequency of frailty was found in older adults, with a significant percentage of pre-frail subjects. Identifying frailty is essential for decisionmaking and individualization of a treatment since it is closely related to adverse health events.

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Gaceta Medica de Caracas